Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Macro & GDPUNESCO UISunesco_uis:GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS•% of GDP•2000 → 2023•155 countries
Series quick facts
High-level context for this country series.
Macro & GDPUNESCO UIS
Coverage
155
Frequency
yearly
Range
2000 \u2192 2023
Latest
2023
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) by country
Latest available value per country (as of 2023)
Low \u2192 High
Unit: %
≤ 0.1%
0.1% – 0.23%
0.23% – 0.36%
0.36% – 0.58%
0.58% – 0.95%
0.95% – 1.86%
> 1.86%
No data
Generated by MacroVedia.comSource: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO UIS)
Highest 15 countries
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
155 countries with data
Generated by MacroVedia.comSource: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO UIS)
Distribution across countries
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Countries
155
Median
0.4%
Mean
0.9%
25th pctl
0.2%
75th pctl
1.1%
Generated by MacroVedia.comSource: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO UIS)
Compare trends
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
CanadaHong Kong SAR, ChinaSerbia
Generated by MacroVedia.comSource: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO UIS)
| Country | Latest | Date | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| IsraelISR | 6.02% | 2022 | |
| LiechtensteinLIE | 5.87% | 2019 | — |
| Korea, Rep.KOR | 5.21% | 2022 | |
| United StatesUSA | 3.59% | 2022 | |
| SwedenSWE | 3.41% | 2022 | |
| BelgiumBEL | 3.41% | 2022 | |
| JapanJPN | 3.41% | 2022 | |
| SwitzerlandCHE | 3.31% | 2021 | |
| AustriaAUT | 3.2% | 2022 | |
| GermanyDEU | 3.13% | 2022 | |
| FinlandFIN | 2.96% | 2022 | |
| High incomeXD | 2.92% | 2022 | |
| United KingdomGBR | 2.9% | 2021 | |
| DenmarkDNK | 2.89% | 2022 | |
| IcelandISL | 2.6% | 2022 | |
| ChinaCHN | 2.56% | 2022 | |
| NetherlandsNLD | 2.26% | 2022 | |
| FranceFRA | 2.23% | 2022 | |
| SingaporeSGP | 2.16% | 2020 | |
| Upper middle incomeXT | 2.14% | 2022 | |
| SloveniaSVN | 2.1% | 2022 | |
| CzechiaCZE | 1.96% | 2022 | |
| AustraliaAUS | 1.86% | 2021 | |
| EstoniaEST | 1.78% | 2022 | |
| PortugalPRT | 1.7% | 2022 | |
| CanadaCAN | 1.7% | 2023 | |
| NorwayNOR | 1.56% | 2022 | |
| United Arab EmiratesARE | 1.49% | 2021 | |
| GreeceGRC | 1.49% | 2022 | |
| New ZealandNZL | 1.47% | 2021 | |
| PolandPOL | 1.45% | 2022 | |
| SpainESP | 1.44% | 2022 | |
| CroatiaHRV | 1.4% | 2022 | |
| HungaryHUN | 1.39% | 2022 | |
| ItalyITA | 1.39% | 2022 | |
| TurkiyeTUR | 1.32% | 2022 | |
| ThailandTHA | 1.16% | 2022 | |
| BrazilBRA | 1.15% | 2020 | |
| Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHKG | 1.1% | 2023 | |
| LithuaniaLTU | 1.05% | 2022 | |
| Egypt, Arab Rep.EGY | 1.03% | 2023 | |
| Slovak RepublicSVK | 0.98% | 2022 | |
| LuxembourgLUX | 0.98% | 2022 | |
| IrelandIRL | 0.96% | 2022 | |
| MalaysiaMYS | 0.95% | 2020 | |
| SerbiaSRB | 0.95% | 2023 | |
| Russian FederationRUS | 0.93% | 2022 | |
| Faroe IslandsFRO | 0.85% | 2003 | — |
| KenyaKEN | 0.81% | 2023 | |
| RwandaRWA | 0.79% | 2023 | |
| LatviaLVA | 0.76% | 2022 | |
| BulgariaBGR | 0.75% | 2022 | |
| TunisiaTUN | 0.75% | 2019 | |
| CyprusCYP | 0.75% | 2022 | |
| Iran, Islamic Rep.IRN | 0.73% | 2021 | |
| JordanJOR | 0.7% | 2016 | |
| Venezuela, RBVEN | 0.69% | 2016 | |
| QatarQAT | 0.68% | 2021 | |
| MoroccoMAR | 0.66% | 2010 | |
| NamibiaNAM | 0.65% | 2022 | |
| GreenlandGRL | 0.65% | 2004 | |
| IndiaIND | 0.65% | 2020 | |
| UruguayURY | 0.63% | 2022 | |
| South AfricaZAF | 0.62% | 2022 | |
| EthiopiaETH | 0.6% | 2013 | |
| MaltaMLT | 0.6% | 2022 | |
| GabonGAB | 0.58% | 2009 | |
| BelarusBLR | 0.58% | 2023 | |
| SenegalSEN | 0.58% | 2015 | |
| Saudi ArabiaSAU | 0.56% | 2023 | |
| BotswanaBWA | 0.56% | 2013 | |
| ArgentinaARG | 0.55% | 2022 | |
| Lower middle incomeXN | 0.54% | 2019 | |
| TanzaniaTZA | 0.51% | 2013 | |
| AlgeriaDZA | 0.48% | 2017 | |
| RomaniaROU | 0.46% | 2022 | |
| West Bank and GazaPSE | 0.45% | 2013 | |
| EcuadorECU | 0.44% | 2014 | |
| Puerto Rico (US)PRI | 0.43% | 2015 | |
| Viet NamVNM | 0.42% | 2021 | |
| Congo, Dem. Rep.COD | 0.41% | 2015 | |
| American SamoaASM | 0.4% | 2006 | |
| North MacedoniaMKD | 0.4% | 2023 | |
| Congo, Rep.COG | 0.38% | 2022 | — |
| GhanaGHA | 0.38% | 2010 | |
| OmanOMN | 0.37% | 2023 | |
| MontenegroMNE | 0.36% | 2019 | |
| ChileCHL | 0.36% | 2021 | |
| CubaCUB | 0.36% | 2022 | |
| Costa RicaCRI | 0.34% | 2022 | |
| UkraineUKR | 0.33% | 2023 | |
| PhilippinesPHL | 0.32% | 2018 | |
| UgandaUGA | 0.31% | 2023 | |
| MozambiqueMOZ | 0.31% | 2015 | |
| NepalNPL | 0.3% | 2010 | |
| ChadTCD | 0.3% | 2016 | — |
| ColombiaCOL | 0.29% | 2020 | |
| NigeriaNGA | 0.28% | 2019 | |
| IndonesiaIDN | 0.28% | 2020 | |
| ZambiaZMB | 0.28% | 2008 | |
| Brunei DarussalamBRN | 0.28% | 2018 | |
| BoliviaBOL | 0.28% | 2002 | |
| MexicoMEX | 0.27% | 2023 | |
| EswatiniSWZ | 0.27% | 2015 | — |
| Macao SAR, ChinaMAC | 0.26% | 2023 | |
| GuamGUM | 0.26% | 2005 | |
| GeorgiaGEO | 0.25% | 2023 | |
| Burkina FasoBFA | 0.25% | 2021 | |
| MauritiusMUS | 0.23% | 2023 | |
| BermudaBMU | 0.23% | 2020 | |
| SudanSDN | 0.23% | 2005 | |
| MoldovaMDA | 0.22% | 2023 | |
| BurundiBDI | 0.21% | 2018 | |
| SeychellesSYC | 0.2% | 2016 | |
| Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIH | 0.19% | 2023 | |
| TogoTGO | 0.19% | 2014 | |
| AzerbaijanAZE | 0.18% | 2023 | |
| ArmeniaARM | 0.18% | 2023 | |
| MaliMLI | 0.17% | 2021 | |
| PakistanPAK | 0.16% | 2023 | |
| PeruPER | 0.16% | 2022 | |
| PanamaPAN | 0.16% | 2023 | |
| AlbaniaALB | 0.15% | 2008 | |
| KazakhstanKAZ | 0.14% | 2023 | |
| El SalvadorSLV | 0.14% | 2022 | |
| TurkmenistanTKM | 0.14% | 2022 | |
| UzbekistanUZB | 0.13% | 2023 | |
| ParaguayPRY | 0.12% | 2022 | |
| CambodiaKHM | 0.12% | 2015 | |
| St. Vincent and the GrenadinesVCT | 0.11% | 2002 | |
| NicaraguaNIC | 0.11% | 2015 | |
| Sri LankaLKA | 0.11% | 2022 | |
| BahrainBHR | 0.1% | 2014 | — |
| KuwaitKWT | 0.1% | 2023 | |
| TajikistanTJK | 0.09% | 2020 | |
| MongoliaMNG | 0.08% | 2022 | |
| Syrian Arab RepublicSYR | 0.07% | 2022 | |
| Cote d'IvoireCIV | 0.07% | 2016 | — |
| Gambia, TheGMB | 0.07% | 2018 | |
| Cabo VerdeCPV | 0.07% | 2011 | — |
| JamaicaJAM | 0.06% | 2002 | |
| HondurasHND | 0.06% | 2019 | |
| Kyrgyz RepublicKGZ | 0.06% | 2023 | |
| GuatemalaGTM | 0.06% | 2021 | |
| LesothoLSO | 0.05% | 2015 | |
| Trinidad and TobagoTTO | 0.05% | 2022 | |
| IraqIRQ | 0.04% | 2021 | |
| MonacoMCO | 0.04% | 2005 | |
| Lao PDRLAO | 0.04% | 2002 | — |
| AngolaAGO | 0.03% | 2016 | — |
| Papua New GuineaPNG | 0.03% | 2016 | — |
| Virgin Islands (U.S.)VIR | 0.03% | 2007 | |
| MyanmarMMR | 0.02% | 2023 | |
| MadagascarMDG | 0.01% | 2017 | |
| MauritaniaMRT | 0.01% | 2018 | — |
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO UIS)